Due to space restrictions, my soon-to-be published letter to the editor (in Communications of the ACM, responding to the editorial “Can Computer Professionals and Digital Technology Engineers Help Reduce Gun Violence?”) could not contain in-line citations. I have provided this page to allow transparency about where I got my data, and how I synthesized it. Please let me know if I have made any mathematical or interpretive errors. Most of the data referenced below comes from the US government, specifically the CDC and the FBI.
- On average, 982 children (14 and younger) choke to death each year.
- An estimated 3,000 annual deaths in the US are attributed to food poisoning (CDC).
- 3,533 annual deaths in the US are attributed to drowning (CDC).
- On average, there are more than 700 bicycle deaths per year in the US. Given that this site tracks/pins specific deaths, I assume it can justify this claim with real data, but I have not independently verified this.
- Vehicle fatalities are on a downward trend; in 2010 there were 32,855 vehicular crash fatalities (DOT). I have extrapolated and approximated this to 30k. Motorbike accidents are a subset, and account for 4,502 deaths in 2010, and are not trending downward with overall fatalities.
- Firearm fatalities (CDC) sum to 31,328, which I approximated to 30k. The categories are accidental (606 deaths, p.23), suicide (19,392 deaths, p.23), homicide (11,078 deaths, p.24), and undetermined (252 deaths, p.24). I approximated this to 2/3 of gun deaths being attributed to suicide, and 1/3 being attributed to homicide.
- Suicide is a top cause of death in the US (CDC).
- Of 38,364 annual suicides, 19,392 are committed with a firearm (CDC). I approximated this to “about half.”
- There are 16,259 homicides (CDC) annually in the US. This was approximated to 16 thousand. Additionally, this number does not differentiate between murders and slaying.
- There were 278 justifiable homicides by citizens (FBI) in 2010. 232 of those were committed with a firearm.
- There were 387 justifiable homicides by law enforcement (FBI) in 2010. 385 of those were committed with a firearm.
- 617 justified firearm homicides (FBI) / 11,078 firearm homicides (CDC) = 5.6%. The CDC number is chosen to keep the calculation conservative; the FBI claims 8,775 firearm homicides (which would come to 7% being justified).
In response to the author's rebuttal: you are conflating "allow" and "accept," and more generally, seem to assume that the desired outcome (less gun violence) can only be achieved by focusing specifically on the symptom (violent use of guns) and not the underlying causes (untreated depression for suicides, and schizophrenia for homicides). For your specific examples: in schools, accidents are mitigated through preventative measures, intentional malicious behavior is deterred through threat of punishment. We don't "allow" fights, per se, but we do accept that they will happen. There is a cost-benefit analysis that we have to make within the confines of fixed resources: should we spend the whole budget on preventing harm from fights? Or do we spend the majority of the budget on maintaining equipment and grounds, where it's most likely to prevent the most amount of injuries? Likewise with bombs: zero is an unacceptable threshold to have. Some people will set off bombs, no matter how much money, law and technology we throw at the problem. Even worse, the more sensitive we are to bombs, the easier it is for people to induce the majority of the logistical and psychological parts of a bombing, with pretty much zero effort... by phoning in a fake threat. Over-focus on a single threat (bombs) also means we're vulnerable to diversification of tactics if somebody really wants to hurt us. Guns aren't why somebody wants to kill themself or someone else, and they aren't the only means by which harm can be done. And if DRM's failure is honestly news to you, I'd be happy to educate you on the many practical failures (while eschewing the ideological and fundamental theoretical flaws of the technology as a whole).
- Ted Kaczynski: Schizophrenic.
- Eric Harris: Psychopath, misdiagnosed and treated for depression.
- Dylan Klebold: Depressive, suicidal.
- James Holmes: Official diagnostic TBD, records presently sealed. Had seeked treatment immediately prior to incident. Pleading insanity to the court.
- Adam Lanza: Not known to suffer any psychological disorders usually associated with violence.
- Nidal Malik Hasan: Not officially diagnosed. Professional military psychologist, whose peers noticed multiple warning signs.
- Anders Behring Breivik: Paranoid schizophrenic; psychotic at time of attacks. (Wikipedia, cites report in Norwegian.)